{"id":30,"date":"2014-08-13T09:19:16","date_gmt":"2014-08-13T09:19:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jointacec2.com\/site1\/?p=30"},"modified":"2014-08-16T05:12:32","modified_gmt":"2014-08-16T05:12:32","slug":"the-knee-joint","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/the-knee-joint\/","title":{"rendered":"THE KNEE JOINT"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jointacec2.com\/site1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/knee-joint.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/jointacec2.com\/site1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/knee-joint.png\" alt=\"knee-joint\" width=\"357\" height=\"285\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-32\" \/><\/a>The knee is a \u2018hinge\u2019 joint made up of two separate joints, four bones, and a group of muscles, tendons and ligaments. The four bones are:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022     Femur \u2013 thigh bone<br \/>\n\u2022     Tibia \u2013 larger of the two lower leg bones<br \/>\n\u2022     Fibula \u2013 smaller of the two leg bones<br \/>\n\u2022     Patella \u2013 kneecap<\/p>\n<p>As in all joints, the ends of the bones are covered with hyaline, or articular, cartilage that protects the ends of the bones and allows them to glide over each other during movement. Loss of this cartilage can lead to osteoarthritis.<br \/>\nThe knee can also be seen as consisting of two compartments, one on the inside of the knee (medial) and one on on the outside (lateral). Each of these contains a meniscus, or pad of more fibrous cartilage, that acts as a shock absorber and helps to stabilise the knee.<br \/>\nThe two joints of the knee are:<br \/>\n\u2022     Femoral-tibial \u2013 the main knee joint between the femur and the tibia<br \/>\n\u2022     Patellofemoral \u2013 between the kneecap and the femur<br \/>\n The femoral-tibial joint is mainly held together by four ligaments:<br \/>\n\u2022     Anterior cruciate ligament<br \/>\n\u2022     Posterior cruciate ligament<br \/>\n\u2022     Medial collateral ligament<br \/>\n\u2022     Lateral collateral ligament<br \/>\nThe two cruciate (cross-shaped) ligaments are found at the center of the knee and stop the tibia moving too far forwards or backwards, while the two collateral ligaments are on the inside and outside of the knee and help attach the femur to the lower leg bones. If any of these ligaments are injured, the knee can become unstable.<br \/>\nIn the patellofemoral joint, the kneecap moves in a groove on the femur called the trochlea, and both sides are covered in articular cartilage that eases movement.<br \/>\nAbove the knee, the quadriceps (four-headed) muscles of the thigh help to straighten the knee and stop the tibia moving backwards, while the hamstring muscles, at the back of the knee, help to bend the knee and stop the tibia moving too far forwards.<br \/>\nThe progressive degeneration of articular cartilage is an underlying problem in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) as well as in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammation arthritis. It leads to a loss of joint function, frequently accompanied by debilitating pain.<br \/>\nThe physical and economic burden of OA is enormous, affecting up to 15% of the total population (>50% of the aging population over 60 years of age)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The knee is a \u2018hinge\u2019 joint made up of two separate joints, four bones, and a group of muscles, tendons and ligaments. The four bones are: \u2022 Femur \u2013 thigh bone \u2022 Tibia \u2013 larger of the two lower leg bones \u2022 Fibula \u2013 smaller of the two leg bones \u2022 Patella \u2013 kneecap As [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49,"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30\/revisions\/49"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jointacec2.in\/site1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}